Steam locomotives were first developed in England in the early 19th century and were not used for rail transport until the middle of the 20th century. Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive in 1802, the first commercially successful steam locomotive built between 1812 and 1813 by John Brunkinson in Salamanca; the gait No. 1, built by George Stephenson and his son Robert's company Robert Stephenson and company, was the first steam locomotive to take long-distance passengers on the public railway, Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825.

In 1830, George Stephenson opened the first intercity public railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Robert Stephenson and Company was an outstanding manufacturer of steam locomotives during the first decades of railway steam development in the United Kingdom, the United States and most of Europe.

In the 20th century, Nigel Gresley, chief mechanical engineer of London and Northeast Railway, designed some of the most famous locomotives, including the Flying Scotsman, the first officially recorded steam locomotive with a speed exceeding 100 mph and the LNER class A4, under the 4468 mallard, still holds the record as the fastest steam locomotive in the world.

Starting in the early 1900s, steam locomotives were gradually replaced by electric and diesel locomotives. Since the end of the 1930s, railways were completely transformed into electric and diesel locomotives. By the 1980s, most steam locomotives had been retired from regular service, although several of them continued to operate on tourist routes and traditional routes.

A steam locomotive is a type of railway locomotive that generates its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives produce fuel by burning combustible materials, usually coal, wood, or petroleum, and thus produce steam in the boiler. The steam moves the reciprocating pistons, which are mechanically connected to the main wheel drives of the locomotive. The fuel and water supply are carried by the locomotive, either on the locomotive or in the post of the truck behind.

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